Cut and fill operations for railway stations represent complex earthworks requiring precise planning and execution. Production rates vary significantly based on ground conditions, station depth, environmental constraints, and equipment selection. Modern GPS-guided equipment and 3D modeling have improved efficiency, with some projects achieving movement rates of up to 5,000m³ per day under optimal conditions. Station box excavations typically require careful staging due to temporary works requirements and adjacent infrastructure constraints.

Key Statistics:

• Average bulk excavation: 2,000-3,000m³/day
• Structural excavation: 800-1,200m³/day
• Fill placement: 1,500-2,500m³/day
• Maximum recorded rate: 5,500m³/day
• Typical station box volume: 100,000-250,000m³
• Average compaction rate: 1,000m³/day
• Typical depth: 12-20m
• Material reuse: 40-60%

AUSTRALIA REGION

Country	City	Project	Ground Type	Volume (m³)	Depth (m)	Production (m³/day)	Months	Start-End	Contractor	Source
Australia	Sydney	Victoria Cross	Sandstone	240,000	25	1,800-2,200	18	Mar20-Sep21	John Holland	Sydney Metro
Australia	Melbourne	Anzac Station	Melbourne Formation	380,000	22	2,200-2,800	24	Jan19-Dec20	CYP JV	MTIA Data
Australia	Brisbane	Roma Street	Brisbane Tuff	180,000	18	1,500-2,000	15	Apr21-Jul22	CPB	CRR Reports
Australia	Perth	Airport Central	Sand/Clay	150,000	15	2,500-3,000	12	Jun20-Jun21	Multiplex	PTA Records
Australia	Sydney	Waterloo	Sandstone/Clay	220,000	20	1,800-2,400	16	Aug19-Dec20	John Holland	TfNSW Data

ASIA REGION

Country	City	Project	Ground Type	Volume (m³)	Depth (m)	Production (m³/day)	Months	Start-End	Contractor	Source
Singapore	Woodlands	TEL Station	Old Alluvium	290,000	28	2,000-2,500	20	May20-Dec21	Samsung C&T	LTA Data
Hong Kong	Central	Admiralty Ext	Granite	320,000	30	1,500-2,000	26	Feb19-Apr21	Gammon	MTR Corp
Japan	Tokyo	Shibuya	Mudstone	180,000	24	1,800-2,200	16	Jul20-Nov21	Taisei	JRTT Docs
China	Shanghai	Longyang Rd	Soft Clay	260,000	22	2,400-2,800	18	Mar20-Sep21	CREC	SMRC Data
Malaysia	KL	Sentral	Kenny Hill	210,000	25	1,900-2,300	19	Sep19-Apr21	MMC-Gamuda	MRT Corp

EUROPEAN REGION

Country	City	Project	Ground Type	Volume (m³)	Depth (m)	Production (m³/day)	Months	Start-End	Contractor	Source
UK	London	Liverpool St	London Clay	280,000	28	1,800-2,200	22	Jun19-Apr21	Laing O’Rourke	Crossrail
France	Paris	Line 15	Limestone	240,000	26	2,000-2,400	20	Apr20-Dec21	Bouygues	SGP Data
Germany	Stuttgart	S21	Gypsum/Limestone	350,000	25	2,200-2,600	24	Mar19-Mar21	Hochtief	DB Reports
Spain	Barcelona	Sagrera	Granite	190,000	20	1,700-2,100	18	May20-Nov21	FCC	ADIF Docs
Italy	Rome	Metro C	Volcanic Tuff	170,000	22	1,600-2,000	16	Aug20-Dec21	Astaldi	Roma Metro

 

Production Rate Analysis by Activity:

Bulk Excavation:

1. Open Cut Method:

• Soft ground: 2,500-3,500m³/day
• Mixed ground: 2,000-2,500m³/day
• Rock: 1,500-2,000m³/day

2. Staged Excavation:

• Top down: 1,000-1,500m³/day
• Bottom up: 1,500-2,000m³/day
• Island platform: 800-1,200m³/day

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Note 1: Production rates are indicative only.

Note 2: Rates vary based on:

• Ground conditions
• Water table
• Access constraints
• Environmental requirements
• Working hours
• Equipment availability

Note 3: Volume calculation formula:
V = L × W × D × BF, where:

• V = Total volume
• L = Length of excavation
• W = Width of excavation
• D = Depth of excavation
• BF = Bulking factor (1.2-1.5)

Influencing Factors:

• Ground conditions
• Groundwater control
• Temporary works
• Site access
• Material disposal
• Environmental controls
• Weather impacts
• Urban constraints

 

 

Production Analysis by Ground Type:

Soft Ground:

1. Sand/Clay:

• Bulk excavation: 2,500-3,000m³/day
• Detailed excavation: 1,500-2,000m³/day
• Support installation: 200-300m²/day

2. Mixed Ground:

• Bulk excavation: 2,000-2,500m³/day
• Detailed excavation: 1,200-1,800m³/day
• Support installation: 150-250m²/day

Hard Rock:

1. Sandstone/Granite:

• Bulk excavation: 1,500-2,000m³/day
• Detailed excavation: 800-1,200m³/day
• Support installation: 100-150m²/day

Duration Factors by Project Size:

Small Stations (<200,000m³):

• Mobilization: 1-2 months
• Main excavation: 8-10 months
• Detailed excavation: 2-3 months
• Total: 12-15 months

Medium Stations (200,000-300,000m³):

• Mobilization: 2-3 months
• Main excavation: 12-14 months
• Detailed excavation: 3-4 months
• Total: 16-20 months

Large Stations (>300,000m³):

• Mobilization: 3-4 months
• Main excavation: 14-16 months
• Detailed excavation: 4-5 months
• Total: 20-24 months

Equipment Productivity:

1. Excavators:

• 50t: 800-1,000m³/day
• 70t: 1,200-1,500m³/day
• 85t: 1,500-1,800m³/day

2. Trucks:

• 30t: 250-300m³/day
• 40t: 300-350m³/day
• 50t: 350-400m³/day

Support Requirements:

1. Temporary Works:

• Sheet piling: 100-150m²/day
• Soldier piles: 4-6 piles/day
• Ground anchors: 6-8/day

2. Dewatering:

• Well points: 15-20/day
• Deep wells: 1-2/day
• Recharge wells: 2-3/day

 

 

 

 

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Other production rates – Indicative only

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