Vietnam operates a north-south rail network managed by Vietnam Railways (VNR), featuring significant modernization plans including high-speed rail development and urban metro systems in major cities.
Network Overview
| Parameter | Statistics | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Total Track Length | 3,143 km | Active network |
| Main North-South Line | 1,726 km | Hanoi-HCMC |
| Track Gauge | Mixed | 1,000mm/1,435mm |
| Electrified Lines | Limited | Urban systems |
| International Links | 2 | China (2 routes) |
Major Systems
Main Lines
| Route | Length (km) | Gauge | Status | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanoi-HCMC | 1,726 | 1,000mm | Active | Main line |
| Hanoi-Lao Cai | 296 | 1,000mm | Active | International |
| Hanoi-Dong Dang | 162 | Dual | Active | International |
| Hanoi-Haiphong | 102 | 1,000mm | Active | Port link |
Urban Systems
| City | System | Length (km) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hanoi Metro | Metro | 13 | Partial operation |
| HCMC Metro | Metro | 19.7 | Under construction |
| Cat Linh-Ha Dong | Metro | 13.1 | Operational |
Technical Parameters
Track Infrastructure
| Parameter | Main Lines | Urban | Planned HSR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Track Gauge | 1,000mm | 1,435mm | 1,435mm |
| Power Supply | Diesel | 750V DC | 25kV AC |
| Max Speed | 80-120 km/h | 80 km/h | 320 km/h* |
| Signaling | Various | CBTC | ETCS L2* |
*Planned specifications
Rolling Stock
Main Line Fleet
| Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Usage | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D19E Locomotives | 40 | Various | Main line | Active |
| Passenger Cars | 1,000+ | Various | Mixed | Mixed |
| Freight Wagons | 4,500+ | Various | Freight | Mixed |
Urban Fleet
| Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | System | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanoi Metro | 13 sets | CRRC | Line 2A | Active |
| HCMC Metro | 17 sets | Hitachi | Line 1 | Delivery |
Operations
Passenger Services
| Service Type | Daily Services | Annual Passengers | Punctuality |
|---|---|---|---|
| North-South | 20 | 2.5M | 80% |
| Regional | 50 | 4M | 85% |
| Urban Rail | 200+ | Growing | 95% |
Freight Traffic
| Commodity | Annual Volume (M tonnes) | Share | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coal | 3.5 | 30% | Stable |
| Construction | 2.8 | 24% | Growing |
| Agricultural | 2.5 | 21% | Growing |
| Industrial | 2.9 | 25% | Growing |
Infrastructure Development
Current Projects (2025-2027)
| Project | Budget (USD B) | Status | Completion |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCMC Metro Line 1 | 2.2 | Final phase | 2026 |
| Hanoi Metro System | 3.7 | Various | 2027 |
| Track Modernization | 1.8 | Ongoing | 2026 |
Future Plans (2027-2030)
| Project | Estimated Cost (USD B) | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| North-South HSR | 58.7 | Planning | Phased development |
| Urban Rail Expansion | 15.3 | Various | Multiple cities |
| Port Connections | 2.5 | Proposed | Freight capacity |
Environmental Initiatives
Sustainability Goals
| Initiative | Target | Timeline | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 Reduction | -30% | 2030 | Planning |
| Energy Efficiency | +25% | 2028 | Active |
| Electrification | +200km | 2030 | Proposed |
Economic Impact
Employment
| Sector | Direct Jobs | Indirect Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| Operations | 20,000 | 60,000 |
| Construction | 15,000 | 45,000 |
| Maintenance | 8,000 | 24,000 |
International Integration
Cross-Border Services
| Country | Status | Service Type | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| China (Lao Cai) | Active | Mixed | Daily |
| China (Dong Dang) | Active | Freight | Regular |
| Cambodia | Planned | Future | – |
| Laos | Planned | Future | – |
